Breast cancer is a type of cancer that rises in the breast. Breast cancer occurs when breast cells mutate and grow out of control, forming a tumor. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but is much more common in women.

The type of breast cancer is determined by the specific cells in the breast that develop into cancer. There are many types of breast cancer and many different ways to describe them.

Types of breast cancer:

1. Non-invasive breast cancers

1.1. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

1.2. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

2. Invasive breast cancers

2.1. Invasive ductal carcinoma

2.2. Invasive lobular carcinoma

2.3. locally advanced breast cancer

2.4. metastatic breast cancer

3. Breast cancer subtypes

3.1. Hormone receptor positive breast cancer

3.2. HER2-positive breast cancer

3.3. Triple negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer develops when abnormal cells in your breast divide and multiply. Experts do not know exactly what causes breast cancer in priority. Various risk factors that can cause breast cancer can be listed as such:

• Age
• Gender
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Obesity
• Hormone therapy.

Breast examination

Mammography

Breast ultrasound

Biopsy

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of breast cancer diagnosis.

1. STAGE 0 (CARSİNOMA IN SITU):

There are two types of breast carcinoma in situ.

• DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU (DCIS)
• LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU (LCIS)

2. STAGE I:

• STAGE I A
• STAGE II B

3. STAGE II:

• STAGE II A
• STAGE II B

4. STAGE III:

• STAGE III A
• STAGE III B
• STAGE III C

5. STAGE IV

People mostly affected by breast cancer are women. Breast cancers usually occur in women 50 years of age or older. Having a risk factor does not mean you will get the disease, and not all risk factors have the same effect.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among adults aged 15 to 39, and a review from 2021 found that 30 percent of all cancers in this age group were breast cancer.

Studies have shown that white women are more likely to develop breast cancer than black, Hispanic and Asian women. However, black women have been found to be more likely to develop more aggressive and advanced breast cancer.

To prevent breast cancer, you can take the fundamental measures as such;

• Being at a healthy weight,
• Being physically active,
• Choosing not to get alcohol or to get responsibly.

Breast cancer is treated in various ways. This depends on the type of breast cancer and how far it has spread.

• Operation
• Chemotherapy
• Hormonal therapy
• Biological therapy

There are two main types of surgery for breast cancer:

Breast-conserving surgery is done to remove cancerous cells and some surrounding normal tissues.

Mastectomy is a surgery in which the entire breast is removed, including all breast tissue and sometimes other nearby tissue.

In breast cancer chemotherapy drugs are used to target and destroy breast cancer cells. Breast cancer chemotherapy is often used in addition to other treatments such as surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy. Chemotherapy can be used to increase the chances of cure, reduce the risk of the cancer returning, relieve symptoms caused by cancer, or help people with cancer live longer with a better quality of life.

In radiation therapy, high-energy X-rays, protons is used  to kill cancer cells. Rapidly growing cells, such as cancer cells, are more sensitive to radiation therapy than normal cells.

Hormone therapy for breast cancer is a treatment for hormone-sensitive breast cancers. The most common forms of hormone therapy are methods of blocking hormones from binding to receptors on cancer cells or reducing production of hormones by the body.

Immunotherapy is a method used to treat some types of breast cancer. Immunotherapy is the use of drugs to strengthen a person’s own immune system in order to more effectively recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Please do not hesitate to contact us for more information on the subject.